What is Rovas Script?
๐ฒ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณค
Szekely Hungarian Rovas is a writing system that is still in use today among Hungarian speaking population worldwide thanks to the Szekely nation that played a major role preserving this cultural heritage throughout the centuries. This script is originated and evolved from the Steppean and Proto-Rovas Families that were being used by various nations and tribes in Eastern Europe and Minor Asia.
The name “Rovas” means carving (mainly on materials like wood but also on stone and metal). It also means taking notes. There is also another term, “Old Hungarian” in use for this script that may not be appropriate as it supposed to refer to something that is extinct which is definitely not the case here. Read on to find out why.
๐ฒ ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณค๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณข ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณ. ๐ฒ๐ณ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฏ ๐ณ ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณฆ๐ณ ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณช๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณฆ ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณช๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณซ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณฆ. ๐ฒ๐ณฏ ๐ณ๐ณฏ ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณฏ ๐ณซ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณฆ ย ๐ฒฅ๐ณจ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ, ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ฒ ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ ๐ฒข๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณ๐ณ, ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ฒ๐ณช๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ ๐ฒ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณฐ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณฏ ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณฆ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณฐ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณฆ
๐ฒ ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ ๐ณข๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ ๐ณช๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณฎ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฏ, ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฏ ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณฏ “๐ฒ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ฒ๐ณช๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ” ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณฆ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณธ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณข๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฏ ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณค๐ณช๐ณ ย ๐ณ ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณญ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณฆ
In time and space
๐ฒฆ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ
10 interesting facts about Rovas
๐ณผ ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ
- right to left direction script
- not related to German and Celtic Runes (despite some similarities)
- it has been in use continuously throughout the entire history of Hungary despite it never was an official writing system
- glyphs represent sound values
- in its early forms it skipped the majority of vowels
- it developed ligatures mostly for saving space on surfaces it was applied on
- it’s on a stamp that has been sent to the Space on a satellite called “Masat”
- Pope Benedict XVI has a copy of the New Testament in Rovas edition
- became part of the unicode system in 2016 (some glyphs are still missing though)
- included into Glyphs App in 2019
- ๐ฒ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ย ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณค
- ย ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ฒ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ฒ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ ๐ณข๐ณซ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ
- ๐ฒ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณข๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฅ ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ
- ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณน๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ
- ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ
- ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณน๐ณ๐ณฅ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณซ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณช๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณค๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณฆ
- ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณช๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณฆ ๐ณ๐ณฏ ๐ณน๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ “๐ฒ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณฆ” ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณน ๐ณ๐ณน๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ
- ย ๐ณผ๐ณป๐ณบ.๐ฒ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณฏ ๐ฒซ๐ณ ๐ฒฆ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณช๐ณ ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ
- ย ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณช๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณฅ๐ณ ๐ณฟ๐ณฟ๐ณผ๐ณป๐ณบ ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ
- ย ๐ฒ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ฒ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณน ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณน๐ณฆ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฅ๐ณฆ๐ณ ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณฟ๐ณฟ๐ณผ๐ณป๐ณบ๐ณบ๐ณบ๐ณบย ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณญ๐ณ๐ณฆ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ
Rovas Glyphs has been included in the font creator Glyphs App during BITS 2019 conference in Chiang Mai thanks to
Rainer "Mekkablue" Erich Scheichelbauer.
๐ฒ ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ ๐ณฟ๐ณฟ๐ณผ๐ณป๐ณบ๐ณบ๐ณบ๐ณบ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณญ๐ณ๐ณฆ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ฒ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฅ ๐ฒ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณน ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณน๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ
Numerals
๐ฒฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ
The number symbols consist of straight lines and are very similar to the Roman numerals however, there are significant differences as well
๐ฒ ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ, ๐ณข๐ณญ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณธ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ, ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณฆ ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณญ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณข๐ณญ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ.
There are three different ways to write numbers with Rovas symbols.
1.) Multiplication
Multiplying neighbouring numbers, where the smaller value stands first
.๐ฒ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณญ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ
๐ณบ.) ๐ฒฅ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณฏ๐ณ๐ณค
๐ฒ๐ณ๐ณฆ ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ ๐ณ๐ณฅ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณฏ๐ณช๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ
2.) Additive method
Simply putting together the numbers from 1 to 5, then tens, hundreds and thousands. Similar to counting money.
๐ณบ๐ณบ.) ๐ฒ๐ณฅ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณข
๐ฒ๐ณ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณซ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณช๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณค๐ณฏ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ, ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ, ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ. ๐ฒ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณฆ ๐ณค๐ณฏ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณช๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ
Numbers ligature design of 2023
๐ฒข๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณฟ๐ณฟ๐ณผ๐ณผ๐ณบ๐ณบ๐ณบ ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณข๐ณ
3.) Mixed
When it comes to large numbers, it is better to combine the above two methods. However, for numbers smaller than hundred, ย there is only the additive method is being used.
๐ณบ๐ณบ๐ณบ.) ย ๐ฒฎ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณค
๐ฒ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณฏ๐ณญ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณข๐ณฆ, ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณค๐ณฏ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณฏ ๐ณ๐ณฅ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณญ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ
Rovas Script Relics
๐ฒข๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ
Linguistic research and archeological findings are revealing more and more relics of this almost forgotten, underrepresented typographical heritage that is regaining popularity these days.
Some of the main findings as of today:
1 “One God” Religious writing on the Unitarian Church in รnlaka, Transylvania, 1668
2 The Lord’s Prayer from 1598
3 Medieval Coins with Rovas Symbols
๐ฒ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณช๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณช๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณช๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณ๐ณญ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ.
๐ฒ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณค ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณค๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณญ๐ณ
๐ณบ “๐ฒ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณฏ ๐ฒ๐ณค๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ” – ๐ณ๐ณฏ ๐ฒ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณช๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณช๐ณค ๐ณฆ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณฆ๐ณ ๐ฒ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ, ๐ณฟ๐ณป๐ณบ๐ณพ๐ณป๐ณบ๐ณผ๐ณป๐ณบ๐ณบ๐ณบ-๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ
๐ณบ๐ณบ ๐ฒ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณจ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณฟ๐ณป๐ณพ๐ณป๐ณบ๐ณบ๐ณบ๐ณบ๐ณผ๐ณป๐ณบ๐ณบ๐ณบ
๐ณบ๐ณบ๐ณบ ๐ฒ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณฏ๐ณ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ ๐ณข๐ณ๐ณฎ๐ณ๐ณค๐ณฅ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณช๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ๐ณ